St. Valentine's Day

The History of St Valentine's Day

vsputra Published on Feb 13, 2013

Saint Valentine was a bishop who lived in the third century in Rome who fight against Emperor Claudius II who ban marriage between two young lovers.

Saint Valentine held the law of the church and helped lovers who came to him, uniting them in a holy matrimony, but it was only a matter of time before the Emperor heard about this and had him arrested.

Valentine was imprisoned. While waiting for his sentence, his jailor Asterius approached him to use his saintly power, and heal his blind daughter. Valentine succeeded and her sight was restored -- they became close and fell in love.

After a while, the Emperor asked Saint Valentine to agree with the emperor about the ban on marriage, thus giving up his religion. Valentine refused.

Just before his execution, Valentine asked for a pen and paper and signed a farewell message to his lover, "from your Valentine"; a phrase that lived ever after.

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Saint Valentine's Day, Valentine's Day, or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is observed and celebrated in many countries around the world on February 14 each year. 

St. Valentine's Day began as a liturgical celebration for early Christian saints named Valentinus as follows:

Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred about AD 269 and was buried on the Via Flamina. He was imprisoned for performing weddings for soldiers who were forbidden to marry and for ministering to Christians, who were persecuted under the Roman Empire. During his imprisonment, he is said to have healed the daughter of his jailer Asterius. Legend states that before his execution he wrote "from your Valentine" as a farewell to her.

The flower crowned skull of St Valentine is exhibited in the 

BASILICA OF SANTA MARIA, COSMEDIN (ROMA, ITALY)

The History of Valentines Day

Uploaded by: The Story of Liberty

Published on Feb 14, 2013

The History of Valentines Day -Saint Valentine

Additional Note:
One Valentine was a Roman priest and doctor who was persecuted by the emperor Claudius II for marrying Christian couples. Claudius took a liking to Valentine, but Valentine overstepped his bounds when he tried to convert the emperor, and Claudius sentenced him to death -- and an ugly death at that. He was beaten, stoned, and finally beheaded.

There is another Valentine who appears in early martyrologies: a bishop of Terni, Italy, who was also allegedly persecuted in Rome. It's been proposed that this man was one and the same as the Valentine executed by Claudius.

The feast of St. Valentine was established by Pope Gelasius I in 496. Some say that Valentine's feast day is celebrated in February because the church wanted to Christianize an ancient Roman pagan festival called Lupercalia, which centered around fertility and purification, and also took place in February.

This same situation of changing a holiday happened with Christmas being held on Dec. 25.

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The celebration of Saint Valentine did not have any romantic connotations until Geoffrey Chaucer’s poetry about "Valentines" in the 14th century, when the tradition of courtly love flourished.  By the 15th century, it had evolved into an occasion in which lovers expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionary, and sending greeting cards (known as "valentines").Valentine's Day symbols that are used today include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have given way to mass-produced greeting cards.

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Some Vintage Valentine Cards

Handwritten Valentine poem "To Susanna", 

(Cork, Ireland dated Valentine's Day, 1850)

Dated and postmarked 1862

Advertisement for Prang's greeting cards, 1883

Whitney Valentine, 1887; Howland sold her New England Valentine Company to the George C. Whitney Company in 1881

Here's a Happy Valentines  

all year round to all !!!

:)

Sources: Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Youtube
  http://fromd.blogspot.com 
email: voicefromdorient@yahoo.com

Going Going . . . A Majestic Mountain Gone .. Thanks to Aluminum :)

Mount Toromocho, meaning "a bull without horns" in Spanish, is a mountain in the Junín Region, Peru that sits next to the long established mining camp of Morococha and hosts a large polymetallic metal deposit.

The entire majestic mountain is now owned by the Aluminum Corporation of China (Chinalco formerly Chalco) intended for a large open pit mine on the mountain and production of 210,000 tonnes copper annually.

One of the world's 10 largest 

copper expansion projects

Toromocho contains a reserve of 1.526 Mt of ore with an average grade of copper of 0.48%.

Detonation on May 3, 2014.
The rock that fell near the carpentry workshop
left a ten-foot forrest on the floor.
Photo by Morococha Defense Front.

An example of an open pit mine.

Chuquicamata in Chile is one of the world's largest open pit copper mines.

By: Reinhard Jahn, Mannheim

 

BBC reports that majority of the population in the area via a referendum has accepted Chinalco’s guaranteed housing and US$2,000 compensation for each resident to relocate.

In a couple of years, the entire majestic mountain is ready to go . . irreversibly and foremost by a strong demand for aluminum, the second largest metals market in the world.

Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. 

These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets.

Copper is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds.

***It is important to note the safe disposal of "Enargite" a copper arsenic sulfosalt mineral. Enargite are found in the copper mines of USA, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and the Philippines. 

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world. When it finds it way to the food chain, in particular the oceans, then it will annihilate certain species of fish life if not all.

Now we are talking about an undetermined nearing extinction of Peruvian anchovy, or anchoveta. Three million tons of sardines (a year) were caught twenty years ago and NOT EVEN a ton can be captured these days.

Let us also be reminded that organoarsenic compounds, especially those featuring As-Cl bonds, have been used as chemical weapons, especially during World War I. 

An example of an Acid mine drainage 

affecting the stream running from the disused  

Parys Mountain copper mines,
contaminated by iron salts

Photographed by: Cls14 

A stream in the town of Amlwch, Anglesey, Wales

Alcoa established an 8% stake in China's state-run aluminum industry and has formed a strategic alliance with Aluminium Corporation of China (Chalco), China's largest aluminum producer, at its Pingguo facility. Alcoa sold this stake on September 12, 2007.

Open-pit mines are typically enlarged until either the mineral resource is exhausted, or an increasing ratio of overburden to ore makes further mining uneconomic. When this occurs, the exhausted mines are sometimes converted to landfills for disposal of solid wastes. However, some form of water control is usually required to keep the mine pit from becoming a lake.

Other open pit mines for earth's precious minerals. .

A coquina quarry.

 El Chino, located near Silver City, New Mexico, is an open-pit copper mine

Today the Big Ten aluminum manufacturers are:

Resources of bauxites, the raw material for aluminium, are not widespread throughout the world.

There are only seven bauxite-rich areas: Western and Central Africa (mostly, Guinea), South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname), the Caribbean (Jamaica), Oceania and Southern Asia (Australia, India), China, the Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey) and the Urals (Russia).

The main deposits of high-quality bauxites with high aluminium content (not less than 50%), are already divided by the main players.

Other companies have to either buy alumina on the free-market — and wholly depend on price movements — or join forces with deposit owners.

Whoever owns resources owns the world . . .

Bauxite Mining in Forest Areas

The conservation of rain forests is a key concern often voiced with regard to bauxite mining.

However there are deep concerns on how …. the original flora and fauna of much of the land involved in bauxite mining is restored once mining operations have ceased.

For all forest areas used for bauxite mining, 80% is returned to native forests, the rest is replaced by agriculture, commercial forest, or recreational area, thereby making the area more productive for the local community.

So it really should not come as surprise on why there are landslides, flash floods of biblical proportions and questionable earth movement near and far from where heavy mining are undertaken.

Sources: Wikipedia,
http://www.mineralszone.com/minerals/bauxite.html
http://www.aluminiumleader.com/en/serious/industry/


http://fromd.blogspot.com email: voicefromdorient@yahoo.com